Energy is being transformed continuously from one form to another.
Various incidents are taking place in this universe due to transformation of
energy. Though energy is transforming from one form to more than one form, the
total amount of energy in this universe
remains unchanged.
Transformation of energy is required for man, computer or any
other machine to work or to make any change or to process anything. One form of
energy can be
used to produce another different form of energy. Actually, one form of energy
is simultaneously transforming into another form which is known as the
transformation of energy. What happens when anyone plays guitar? The muscle
energy of the artist transforms into mechanical
energy on the vibrating string which transforms into sound energy as a melodious
music and travels to our ears. When wood is burned chemical
energy is released and transforms into heat and light energy. A chemical
reaction takes place in an electric cell and the chemical
energy of these reactions transforms into electric energy which is used
for various purposes.
When a definite amount of energy of a
particular form is transformed how much energy is obtained? It can be known
from the law of conservation of energy.
When such a transformation takes place there is no net loss of
energy. The energy lost by one body is exactly equal to the energy gained by
another body.
In fact, we can neither create energy nor destroy it. In other
words the total energy of the universe does neither increase nor decrease. The
amount of energy that existed in the universe at the moment of its creation
exists till today.
Principle of Conservation of Energy
Energy can be transformed form one form to another or more forms.
The total energy of the
universe is constant and unchangeable.
Transformation of energy
We have mentioned earlier about different forms of energy. All of
them are related to one another. In other words, it is possible to transform
one form of energy into another. This is known as transformation of energy. In
fact, almost every natural phenomenon can be considered as a transformation of
energy. Several examples of energy transformation are described below.
1. Transformation of mechanical Energy:
Rubbing of hands produces heat. In this case mechanical
energy is converted into heat energy. If we low air in an empty pen cap,
mechanical
energy is converted into sound energy. When water is on a hill or a
mountain, potential energy is stored in it. When this water flows down through
a spring or river then the potential energy is transformed into kinetic energy.
This flow of water can rotate a wheel to produce electricity. In this way mechanical
energy can be transformed into electrical energy.
2. Transformation of heat Energy:
In steam engine heat is used to produce steam for driving train
etc. Here heat energy is converted into mechanical energy. Heat energy is
converted into light energy by conducting electric current through the filament
of a bulb. If the junction of two different metallic substances is heated, the
heat energy is converted into electric energy.
3. Transformation of light energy:
If we touch the chimney of a lantern we feel it to be hot. Here
the light energy is converted into
heat energy. Action of light on a photo-voltaic cell converts light energy into electric energy. Due to the
action of light on a photographic film light energy is transformed into chemical
energy.
4. Transformation of chemical energy:
Food and fuel, such as oil, gas, coal and wood are the sources of chemical
energy. The energy of food is released in our body by chemical reaction
and we can work when this energy is transformed into other forms of energy.
When fuel is burnt in an engine or boiler, transformation of energy takes place.
In an electric cell chemical
energy is transformed into electrical energy. In the filament of an electric
bulb, electrical energy is transformed into light and heat energy.
5. Transformation of electrical energy:
In electric motor electric energy is transformed into mechanical
energy. In instruments like heater, electric iron etc. electric energy is
converted into heat energy. In electric bulbs electric energy is converted into
light energy. The receiver of a telephone or radio converts electrical energy
into sound energy. In a storage cell electric energy is converted into chemical
energy. In electromagnets electric energy is converted into magnetic
energy.
6. Transformation of nuclear energy:
In nuclear submarine nuclear energy is transformed into mechanical
energy. Devastating action of atom bomb is nothing but the transformation of
nuclear energy. Nowadays, transformation of nuclear energy into other forms of
energy especially electrical energy in a nuclear reactor mostly satisfies the
demand of energy.
We can understand from the electric power station that the
way energy is transformed from one form to another and we get light and heat
energy in our houses. By burning coal and natural gas in a power station, we can
obtain chemical and heat energy. Heat energy is converted into mechanical
energy with the help of turbine which rotates the coil of electric generator.
In this process electrical energy is produced. Electric bulb and heater of
houses and factories transform electrical into light and heat energy.
Again, which energy is transformed into what type of energy
when we pierce a nail into wood by hammering it? The chemical
energy of our boy is used to lift the hammer upward which is stored as
potential energy due to the higher position of it. When it moves down the
potential energy stored is transformed into kinetic energy. This kinetic energy
is used to pierce the nail into wood. At the same time sound energy and heat
energy in nail, wood and in hammer is produced.
During the transformation energy
may not be created or destroyed but reduced. Such as, we cannot make use of all
the heat energy as we can use light or electric energy.
End
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